Francisco de Paula Santander
The objective of this blog is to provide information about the constant fight between conservatives and liberals that has marked the history of our country, perceiving how are you dispute also have shaped the social reality of the Colombian population, since the beginning of this partisan confrontation to today.
martes, 28 de junio de 2011
The period of violence in Colombia between liberals and conservatives 1948-1960.
The Age of Violence
The call time of the violence does not occur as an isolated or spontaneous saw it coming. It speaks of "violence of 1946 conservative" and there is facile to attribute the trend only one cause: the partisan cause. Making a more detailed analysis can identify several casual:
1. The political cause: this is the biggest and therefore goes to the head, number one. In 1946 he won the conservative candidate Mariano Ospina Perez votes exceeded the liberals Gabriel Turbay and Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, if they had been united with a single candidate would have won.
2. The cause of religion: the religions whose main purpose is to unite men in different eras have been a reason to exacerbate the hatred.
3. Violence as catharsis: in Latin America almost all revolutions and all major political movements are characterized by disregard for human life as if the killings would like to renew humanity and, in the case of Colombia, rid the country of clogging kind.
The call time of the violence does not occur as an isolated or spontaneous saw it coming. It speaks of "violence of 1946 conservative" and there is facile to attribute the trend only one cause: the partisan cause. Making a more detailed analysis can identify several casual:
1. The political cause: this is the biggest and therefore goes to the head, number one. In 1946 he won the conservative candidate Mariano Ospina Perez votes exceeded the liberals Gabriel Turbay and Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, if they had been united with a single candidate would have won.
2. The cause of religion: the religions whose main purpose is to unite men in different eras have been a reason to exacerbate the hatred.
3. Violence as catharsis: in Latin America almost all revolutions and all major political movements are characterized by disregard for human life as if the killings would like to renew humanity and, in the case of Colombia, rid the country of clogging kind.
Botero depicts decades of violence in Colombia
Frente National
Frente Nacional
Born of the need to establish democracy again to bring together liberals and conservatives in a coalition and thus exercise the power alternately for 16 years Aubert Lleras Camargo (1958-1962), Guillermo León Valencia (1962-1966), Carlos Lleras Restrepo (1966-1970), Misael Pastrana Borrero (1970-1974).
The rapprochement between the two parties signed a region crystallized in the city of Sitges in Spain, this pact ended the dictatorship of Rojas Pinilla and got the control and direction of the country.
Covered the National Front from 1958 to 1974 with achievements such as:
Strengthening education with the creation of the INEM (National Institute of Education), conscience, Coldeportes, the ICBF (Colombian Family Welfare Institute), the ICFES, the creation of Kennedy Town neighborhood in Bogota, among other works and institutions.
Although these administrations also emphasizes the strengthening and creation of groups outside the law because of the exclusion policy that was established in 1964 as the FARC, ELN and EPL in 1965 in 1967 also saw the militarization of the University national between 1966 and 1970, sparking violent clashes in the alma mater.
lunes, 27 de junio de 2011
Life Jorge Eliecer Gaitan and the Bogotazo
ACTS PARALLEL JORGE ELIECER GAITAN
“The frustration of a hope”
LIFE
Jorge Eliecer Gaitán a man dark was born on January 23 of 1898, in Bogotá. He started their studies in a public school where her mother worked. For her academic excellence studied scholarship in a very good school of Bogotá. One year after of his graduate started to study in the Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad Nacional. Since his graduation of the Universidad Nacional as lawyer in 1924, incursioned into political product of his early interest in the situation of country.
Dates important in his life.
- 1924-1925 : He occupied the charge the deputy of the Assembly of Cundinamarca
- 1928: He was elected as representative to the Cámara.
- 1936: In June of this year he was named mayor of Bogotá.
- 1940: He was named as Minister of education. For then president Eduardo Santos.
- 1942: He was named senator.
- 1944: He presented his candidacy for the presidency.
- 1948: This is a date very important since Jorge Eliecer Gaitán was nominated only candidate the party liberal and presidential candidate of 1950. However, on April 9, Juan Roa Sierra died him.
LEGACY
“I am not a man, I am a people”. Jorge Eliecer Gaitán
For social justice: “Ensuring that the rich are less rich and the poor are less poor”
Jorge Eliecer Gaitán from a humble family. His father Eliecer Gaitán and his mother Manuela Ayala of whom he learned a profound lesson: We must to respect the men for their dignity and merits, and not by their social and economic condition.
He was very important because with his way of thinking gave a hope for oppressed people and ignored by the Conservative government of the moment.
He was loved by his interesting in the vulnerable population and discriminated against because he taked as their own social causes of the poorest people and marginalized.
Achievements
- He pot to work the national literacy and shoes for poor students.
- He created the school restaurants; he supported rural school and founded new schools.
- He denounced for equally the liberal and conservative oligarchy and stood next to the most humble.
Goals
- Democratize the land, make obligatory the vote, to encourage public education, culture and health for the population, promoting popular savings, to finance small businesses and to recognize the equal rights of women.
DEATH
The death of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan made rivers of blood that flooded the streets and cities of Colombia.
On April 9, 1948, it was near the one pm while he left his office in society of their friends. He taked the mean of lunch with Plinio Mendoza Neira, but suddenly rang three bream and Gaitán fell at the floor mortally wounded.
The shots came from Juan Roa Sierra, he trayed to escape, but the angry crowd killed with blows and kicks Juan Roa Sierra.
CONSEQUENCES
The Bogotazo
The crowd made up of artisans and peasants took to the streets of Bogota began confrontation between the armed forces and people pained by the death of Gaitán. Many police Gaitán followers endowed the multitude of weapons, many people converged on the Plaza de Bolivar that became the epicenter of the conflict.
The city burned in fire, too a group of students from the Universidad Nacional of liberal and communist took over the national radio and from there began to call the revolution and to the formation of popular assemblies.
This is considered one of the first acts of the era city known as La Violencia
What did Gaitán mean death him ?
The death of Gaitán meaned the beginning of the named Violencia. The death of Gaitan's death was the spark that increase bipartisan war.
Gaitan's death was the spark that increase bipartisan war
After the death of Gaitan, thousands of peasants and artisans gaitanistas moved closer to the guerillas to convatir a regime they considered illegitimate (Ospina's regime).
These multitudes repressed demostraror the government will have the strength to overthrow the regime so that at the point of fire and blood, began to eliminate all the country everything that smacked of opposition.
After the death of Gaitan, thousands of peasants and artisans gaitanistas moved closer to the guerillas to convatir a regime they considered illegitimate (Ospina's regime).
These multitudes repressed demostraror the government will have the strength to overthrow the regime so that at the point of fire and blood, began to eliminate all the country everything that smacked of opposition.
Specific consecuences:
- The Bogotazo sparked off that political ruling to take a cautious attitude to the rise of populism and suppress any social movement and political dissidents.
- The leaders of peasant groups liberals thought that the chances for them were locked and up arms creating guerilla columns.
This episode of violence that Colombia in 1948 lived only decreased slightly in 1954.
To finish in the words of Gaitán: “No hand of the people rise up against me and the oligarchy does not kill me because it knows that if you do the country turns and the water delayed fifty years in return to normal”.
lunes, 20 de junio de 2011
SOURCE
Violence is a historic period of Colombia, between 1948 and 1960. It was characterized by the confrontation between the Liberal and Conservative, including murders, assaults, persecution, destruction of property and terrorism for political alignment. Some authors place this period until 1953. The trigger of the conflict was the assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, the presidential candidate of the liberals, April 9, 1948, in response to that incident occurred a series of protests and violence to known as Bogotazo. Some factors that contributed to the prolongation of the anti-violence were fears of the ruling class, economic deprivation of the popular sectors and a rigid party system that only allowed the participation of two political parties. In 1957, the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party formed a coalition called the National Front to end the violence. Through this agreement the two sides agreed to support a single presidential candidate and all charges were divided officers alike. Thus political stability was achieved for 16 years. An unexpected opposition was held by those parties that had not been involved in the deal, as the National Popular Alliance Anapo or organized by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla deposed.
sábado, 18 de junio de 2011
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